Greece

Greece Country Information

Greece attracts more than 16 million tourists each year, thus contributing 15% to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product Economy. Greece has been an attraction for international visitors since antiquity for its rich and long history and more recently for its glorious Mediterranean coastline and beaches.

In 2005, 6 Million tourists visited only the city of Athens, the capital city.

In 2004, the country welcomed over 16.5 million tourists.

The island of Rhodes is one of the most visited places in the Mediterranean Sea. According to a survey conducted in China in 2005, Greece was voted as the Chinese people’s number one choice as a tourist destination. Furthermore, Greece has been actively trying to secure a large share of Chinese tourists per year, highlighted by the large presence of Greek tourist informative at the 2006 Beijing International Tourism Expo. Greece had the largest single country participation at the Beijing Tourism Expo with a total exhibition space take-up of more than 1,152 m², more than any other nation. In November 2006, Austria, like China, announced that Greece was the favorite destination for tourism giving optimistic hopes for the future. In line with these observations, Greece’s Minister of Tourism Aris Spiliotopoulos announced the opening of a GNTO office in Shanghai until 2010. In order to promote the Chinese flow of tourists to Greece, Air China has now established direct flights from China to Greece.

General Information:

Greece is situated in Southeastern Europe, with an area of 131,957 sq.km. And a population of 10,964,020.

Athens is the capital of Greece with a population of 3,192,606.

Local time is GMT +2 hours.

The Hellenic Republic is a Presidential Parliamentary Democracy

Greece is a member state of E.U. since 1981.

Money

The currency is Euro.

Electric Current :

The standard in Greece is 230V AC (50Hz). Appliances from North America require a transformer and British ones an adapter.

Shopping :

Greece is the ideal destination to shop for a wide variety of products, catering to everybody’s tastes and wishes. Prices are very reasonable in relation to product quality and visitors will be able to find something for every budget.

Shops are open Monday through Friday from 09.00 till 14.30 and on Tuesday, Thursday and Friday also from 17.30 through 20.30.On Saturday shops open from 09.00 till 15.00, while they are closed on Sunday. Supermarkets and kiosks may stay open till 22.00.

More specifically, in the center of large urban areas as well as in tourist areas, tourist shops and kiosks are open from early in the morning till late at night, seven days a week.

Health:

In all cases, the tourist-consumer: Should acquire, for their own convenience, detailed information regarding the use of public transport at their destination, especially with regards to the cost of the journey, ticket validity and cancellations, and recommended arrival times in advance of the departure of the service.

Has to be aware, when using taxis, that drivers are obliged, upon request, to issue official receipts for the total cost of the journey, which include vehicle’s registration number and owner’s name. In the event of any omission or violations of the above, you may submit a complaint or claim to the Greek National Tourism Organization, by telephone on 1572, or by email to kouremenou_i@gnto.gr. 

For tourist information: visit http://www.v isitgreece.gr email: info@gnto.gr or call: 210 3310392, 210 3310716 Tourist Police: 171

Public transport in Greece:

www.oasa.gr or www.isap.gr or www.ose.gr

Useful telephone numbers, in case of emergency:

Emergency ambulance service: 166

On-duty hospitals, clinics, doctors & pharmacies: 1434

Police (Emergency number): 100

Regional Police Departments: 1033

SOS Doctors: 1016 (not provided under the National Health Service)

Greece and the Greek Islands do not present any health problems, any strange or particular disease and consequently, no vaccines are required to travel in Greece.

However, there are some common vaccinations to all international health certificates to do before leaving your country such as tetanus & diphtheria, polio and hepatitis A & B

Passports:

For the citizens who travel form the EU, no passports are required. For the non EU subjects, a valid passport is necessary to enter in Greece. In case of lost, the local police and the embassy of your home government must be contacted. It is recommended to have a photocopy of your passport in order to get the process of replacement lost quickly.

Visas:

All the citizens from the countries except from the countries of the European Union, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand need a visa to enter Greece.

I.D.:

A passport can serve like an ID. Apart from the official identity card of your country, other forms of ID can be recognised: a driver’s licence, a teacher or student identification.

Animals:

Animals from an other country of the EU require a health certificate.

Weather:

The Greece weather is fairly uniform throughout Greece . Due to its geographical position, the weather in Greece and the Greek Islands has mild winters and warm summers, cooled by different kind of seasonal winds. The summers are characterized by sunshine and very little rainfall: great summer holidays guaranteed! The Greece weather of the islands of the Aegean and the Ionian seas is milder. Some regions are characterized by the Meltemi, a summer wind which blows mostly the islands of the Aegean and offer perfect wind conditions for sailing and windsurfing.

Money

It is important to always have some cash in Greece and the Greek Islands. You can use your cash card on ATM machines but you should ensure also an other way to have access to money. Some ATM may not accept your cash card so you better get information from your local bank agency. There are ATM machines in all parts of Greece but there are so places where their access is difficult. For example, some islands have only cash machine in the main town.

The safer way to travel to Greece and also in all countries is the travelers check. Outside banking hours, currency and check can be exchanged at ticket agencies. If you travel with cash, do not keep them all in one place (in case you get robbed). Greece is part of the European Union and its currency is the Euro. (The Euro replaced the Drachma).

Tourist Police:

The Tourist Police is a Service of the Greek Police Force staffed with specially trained, foreign-language speaking personnel. Within the framework of its duties and functions, it provides the following services:

It provides information to Greek and foreign visitors and offers them assistance in settling any issues arising with tourist businesses.

It cooperates with locally competent Directorates of Tourism and local authorities in order to deal with tourism issues.

It ensures that the tourist legislation in force is applied in all tourist areas, businesses and media, such as hotels, apartments and rooms to let, tourist shops, tourist agencies and coaches, car and motorcycle rental agencies, archaeological sites, tourist guides, ski resorts, spa towns, mass arrival/departure stations, sanitary facilities operating in tourist businesses and sites of free camping, etc.

It carries out inspections of tourist businesses with the aim to provide better services and higher protection to visitors.

The distinctive insignia of the Greek Tourist Police officers are the following:

White band on the cap

White belt

White gloves

The distinctive insignia “TOURIST POLICE” worn on the front of the shirt.

The Greek Tourist Police can be reached around-the-clock by dialing “171”. This line provides all kind of information and instructions in Greek, English, French and German, thus helping tourists to deal directly with any arising problem.

In case you need any help, do not hesitate to contact the staff members of the Greek Tourist Police by dialing “171”. Tourist police stations

Health

Public transport in Athens-Attica

Athens is located in the Prefecture of Attica and sprawls across the plain of Attica hemmed in by mountains ( i.e. Mt Aigaleo, Mt Parnitha, Mt Penteli and Mt Hymettos). The Greek capital, together with its suburbs and the neighbouring city of Piraeus, forms an integrated residential complex (the capital’s main urban planning complex) numbering about 3.5 million inhabitants. The entire prefecture has witnessed the development of state-of-the-art transportation infrastructure catering to residents and visitors in a fast and reliable way. Buses-trolleybuses: For information on city bus and electric trolleybus itineraries , as well as on timetables and tickets click here.

Metro:

The Athens metro consists of three lines – Line 1 (the old Athens-Piraeus electric rail service known as ISAP), Line 2 (underground) and Line 3 ( underground) – covering a considerable part of the Attica region. New extensions reaching other parts of the city are expected in the future. Analytical route maps are displayed in every metro station. For more information visit Attiko Metro and I.S.A.P.

Tram:

The tram network connects the center of Athens ( Syntagma Square ) to the southern (coastal) suburbs. Boasting state-of-the-art technology and modern vehicle design, it serves the following Routes:

- Athens-Glyfada, running through Nea Smyrni, Paleo Faliro, Alimos, Helliniko.

- Athens-Peace & Friendship Stadium (Neo Faliro), running through Nea Smyrni and Paleo Faliro and from there branching out along the coastal avenue, and

- Glyfada-Peace & Friendship Stadium via the coastal avenue and the Faliriko Delta.

The Suburban Railway (Proastiakos):

It accommodates travel to/from Athens and the “Eleftherios Venizelos” Athens International Airport (with seven stops along the line), Athens and Corinth (84 km west of Athens – with seven stops along the line), Corinth and Kiato (24 km) and Corinth and the “Eleftherios Venizelos” Athens International Airport(with eleven stops along the line). Upon completion it will connect Piraeus and its port to Athens, the airport and other large urban centres in neighbouring prefectures (Thiva, Chalkida, Loutraki).

Taxis:

All taxis are yellow and equipped with a metre displaying the fare. The driver is obliged to activate the meter upon hire. From 05:00-24:00hrs Tariff 1 applies, while from 24:00-05: 00 hrs Tariff 2 comes into effect.

Attiki Odos Motorway The Attiki Odos is a cutting-edge motorway in Europe linking the town of Elefsina (located in western Attica) to the “Eleftherios Venizelos” Athens International Airport (Spata, eastern Attica). Part of the Athens peripheral ring road, it circumvents Athens and offers 27 main and secondary interchanges for entrance and exit into /from the capital. To enter the motorway tolls are paid, the fare depending on vehicle category based on height and number of axles.

National Greece Dates:

March 25: Greek Independence Day It is the day of the celebration of the beginning of the Greek revolution against the Turkish occupants in 1821. It is celebrated with military parades all over Greece.

May 1: Labor Day It is called “Protomayia” and it is a urban holiday when people traditionally go to the countryside for picnic and pick great bunches of flowers. It is also a day where large demonstrations organized by the left wings take place

October 28: National Anniversary It is the day of the National Anniversary of Greek Independence. The day is characterized by military parades and folk dances. The day is also called “Ohi Day” in honor of General Metaxa’s famous “Oxi!” (no!) as a refusal to Mussolini’s demand to occupy the country during World War II.

November 17 : Day of the student rise against the Junta of 1974.

Holidays in Greece:

Holidays in the mythical land, Greece and the Greek Islands. Greece is the perfect place to plan your holidays. It is a beautiful country characterized by its mountainous landscapes, its incredible weather, its many islands, its long sandy beaches and more. Greece is the favorite holidays destination for many Europeans and attracts every year millions of visitors.

Religion

The Greek population is composed of a 97% of Christian Orthodox. The rest of the population is Muslim, Roman Catholic and Jewish. Greece and Russia are the only countries to have such a proportion of people belonging to the Orthodox Church.

Orthodox Religion

Religion for Orthodox Greeks is a word which means the true belief. Sunday mass can last up to 3 hours, but it is not customary to remain for the whole service. Men and women are separated. The priest officiates behind the iconostas, a wall covered in icons which hides the altar. To the right and left of the entrance, St. John the Baptist and the Virgin Mary show the way to Christ. Whereas the bishops remain celibate, the priests can marry and have children. They are easily spotted in their long black robes, with their long hair that they wear in a bun or a pony tail and a long beard which is a sign of maturity among the orthodox. The patriarch, or head, of the orthodox religion is in Istanbul in Turkey. There are many monasteries in Greece, the highest concentration of monks being found on Mount Athos where there are 1700 monks in the 20 monasteries there. Women and children are not allowed on Mount Athos.

The Greek Easter

Easter is the most important celebration for the Greeks. Families get together to share lamb roast on a spit. The masses are particularly impressive. The celebrations last for several days, and even up to Ascension in certain villages, that is 40 days. On Easter Sunday children are given new clothes. At the beginning of Lent, children go to school in disguise and a big carnival is organised in the towns.

Greece Traditions & Customs

Traditions in Greece and Greek Islands are either of a religious character or coming from paganism. Furthermore, most of the traditions and festivals still followed and celebrated today, are religious. Many Greeks are very superstitious people and believe a lot in religion as well as in supernatural or paranormal phenomenon. It impress many visitors who travel to Greece .

Mythology

Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece. Modern scholars refer to the myths and study them in an attempt to throw light on the religious and political institutions of Ancient Greece and on the Ancient Greek civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself.

Greek mythology is embodied explicitly in a large collection of narratives and implicitly in representational arts, such as vase-paintings and votive gifts. Greek myth explains the origins of the world and details the lives and adventures of a wide variety of gods, goddesses, heroes, heroines, and other mythological creatures. These accounts were initially disseminated in an oral-poetic tradition; the Greek myths are known today primarily from Greek literature. The oldest known Greek literary sources, the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey, focus on events surrounding the Trojan War. Two poems by Homer’s near contemporary Hesiod, the Theogony and the Works and Days, contain accounts of the genesis of the world, the succession of divine rulers, the succession of human ages, the origin of human woes, and the origin of sacrificial practices. Myths are also preserved in the Homeric Hymns, in fragments of epic poems of the Epic Cycle, in lyric poems, in the works of the tragedians of the 5th century BC, in writings of scholars and poets of the Hellenistic Age and in writers of the time of the Roman Empire, for example, Plutarch and Pausanias. Archaeological evidence is a principal source of detail about Greek mythology, with Gods and heroes featuring prominently in the decoration of many artifacts. Geometric designs on pottery of the 8th century BCE depict scenes from the Trojan cycle as well as the adventures of Heracles. In the succeeding Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods, Homeric and various other mythological scenes appear to supplement the existing literary evidence.

Greek mythology has had extensive influence on the culture, the arts and the literature of Western civilization and remains part of Western heritage and language. Poets and artists from ancient times to the present have derived inspiration from Greek mythology and have discovered contemporary significance and relevance in classical mythological themes.

Tourist Protection Line

Learn about your rights and your obligations. All enterprises, regardless of their nature (tourist or otherwise), are obliged to issue written receipts for the total amount they receive. Possession of a receipt safeguards the consumer in the event of any claim or dispute with the enterprises. Foreign visitors must ensure that they have valid medical cover before departing.

The following is valid during your stay in accommodation licensed by the GNTO and displaying the Special Function Sign: The hotelier is obliged to license vacant rooms to customers and provide all advertised amenities.

Within 3 days of receiving an inquiry for a room, by any means (telephone, letter, or email), the hotelier is obliged to inform the customer by print whether or not they accept the booking, and include details on the booking (type of room, length of stay, price). A written response protects both the customer and the hotelier.

The deposit for the booking cannot exceed the 25% of the total accommodation cost, and on the other hand cannot be less than the charge for one night. In the event that the customer wishes to cancel a booking, and the cancellation is made 21 days prior to the agreed arrival date, the hotelier is obliged to refund the deposit in full, while for cancellations made within 21 days, the customer must pay the hotelier the 50% of the total cost of the canceled booking.

In the event that the hotelier is unable to provide rooms they have confirmed with customers, they are obliged to secure customers’ stay in alternative accommodation of at least the same category, in the same town, which offers the same amenities and services as those advertised by their own establishment.

The hotelier is only responsible for valuable belongings entrusted to them by the customer, and for which they have issued the relevant receipt.

Keeping pets of any kind in a hotel is forbidden, unless the hotel provides a designated area for pets. In all cases, a prior arrangement on this issue must be made between the hotelier and the tourist-consumer.

The following is valid for transactions with tourist agencies licensed by the GNTO and displaying the Special Function Sign:

The tourist agency is responsible to the consumer for all the services they have sold, including those provided by third parties (hotels, restaurants, car rentals, etc.), except in cases of personal or third party liability, or force majeure. In all cases, the customers of a tourist agency or car rental agency must be informed by print about the terms under which services or products are provided prior to making a purchase.

Specifically, for Organized Trips (P.O. 339/96), which Greek law defines as a fixed combination of at least two of the following elements, i.e. transport, accommodation or other services (participation in meetings or events of a professional, cultural or artistic nature, meals, guided tours etc.), it is obligatory to sign a relevant contract, which includes:

The terms attached to the services included in the contract (cost and category of accommodation).

Means of transport, meals included, itinerary, information pertaining to passports and necessary visas, cancellation policy, guided tours, entry to archaeological sites and museums, other recreational services, etc.).

An insurance policy which will state by print that in case of insolvency or bankruptcy of the tourist agency, the consumer, above and beyond other claims, will be entitled to a refund of the full amount paid, as well as immediate payment of repatriation expenses.

                                                            Israel Country Information

Tourist Visa:

Residents of the following countries can receive free entry visas at any port of entry into the State of Israel:

Europe: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany (for those born after 01/01/1928), Gibraltar, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Asia and Oceania: Australia, Fiji Islands, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the Philippines Africa: Central African Republic, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, South Africa, Swaziland

Americas: Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela

 Transit Visas:

Passenger who request a stopover in Israel on their way to a different destination, are permitted to receive a transit visa valid for up to five (5) days. These may be extended by up to ten (10) additional days upon their arrival to Israel. Passengers of cruise ships docking in Israel will be issued Landing Cards permitting them to stay in the country while their ship is docked in port; there is no need to apply for a visa.

 Health Regulations:

Visitors to Israel require no immunizations. Pets & Animals Import of animals accompanied by owners: Pet dogs, cats, birds, rabbits, and rodents which are not considered wildlife, up to two of each type, accompanied by their owners, are exempt from a Veterinary Import Permit provided that:

A Veterinary Health Certificate, issued by a government veterinary officer in the country of origin within 7 days prior to export is attached, stating that the animals were examined, found healthy, free from infectious and contagious diseases, and that a declaration has been received from the owner stating that the animals have been in his/her possession for at least the last 90 days. An international certificate of vaccination stating that the dogs or cats have been vaccinated against rabies, not more than a year and not less than a month prior to shipment to Israel. Dogs and cats younger than 3 months will not be admitted. Following details of every import of animals must be notifies to the Ramla Quarantine Station at least 48 hours prior to arrival to Israel, (fax number: 972-8-9229906): name of owner, animal species, age, flight number, and approximate time of arrival. Animals arriving in good health and properly certified will generally not be quarantined.

 Electric Appliances:

The electric current in Israel is 220 Volt AC, single phase, 50 Hertz. Most Israeli sockets are of three-pronged variety, but many accommodate some European two-pronged plugs as wall. Electric shavers, travel irons and other small appliances may require adapters and/or transformers, which can be purchased in Israel.

Currency and Banking:

The currency of Israel is the New Israeli Sheqel (NIS) (plural: sheqalim). Each sheqel is divided into 100 agorot (singular: agora). Bank notes are in denominations of NIS 200, 100, 50 and 20 sheqels, and coins are in denominations of 5 sheqels, 10 sheqels, 1 sheqel and 50 and 10 agorot.

One may bring an unlimited amount of local and foreign currency into Israel in cash, travelers’ checks, letters of credit or State of Israel Bonds. Foreign currency may be exchanged at any bank and at many hotels. Shops or service providers are not obliged to accept foreign currency and may give you change in sheqels even if payment is given in foreign currency.

Payment in foreign currency exempts tourists from Value Added Tax (V.A.T.) on certain purchases and services. Major credit cards (American Express, Diner’s Club, Visa and Mastercard/Access/Eurocard) are widely accepted throughout Israel. Holders of Visa or Mastercard/Access/Eurocard cards may withdraw funds at the foreign currency counters of affiliated banks or at certain automated teller machines (ATMs).

Tourists may open local currency accounts or special non-resident foreign resident currency accounts at any bank or use their international credit cards to withdraw cash in foreign or local currency at banks honoring the respective cards.

Sheqalim may be reconverted to foreign currency at airport banks up to a maximum of US$500 or the equivalent in other currencies. Any balance of sheqels exceeding this sum accrued during a single visit to Israel (up to a maximum of US$5,000) can be reconverted on presentation of bank receipts attesting to the original conversion of foreign currency.

 Arrival in Israel:

After customs, please take a cart and get your luggage. We will exit the airport through the Group side to meet our guide and bus to begin our journey. Food and Water :

Food and water in Israel are safe. Food, including fresh vegetables are safe in all facilities that we will patronize on the tour. Water is safe to drink throughout Israel. It is important to drink plenty of water and juices to avoid dehydration during the tour. Gatorade or something similar is good during summer months.

Shopping:

Street vendors with postcards, carvings and other items are part of scene at most stops. You are free to bargain and purchase if you wish, but please do not delay the tour. One of the days we will stop at a souvenir store to give you an opportunity to see a variety of products available. The prices are fixed but as a tour group, we may be given a discount. Please understand that you are not obligated to make a purchase.

 What to Pack:

Israel is a modern, developed country, and you can purchase virtually anything you need during your stay, including clothing, cosmetics, and hygiene products.

If you are visiting Israel during the summer you will need lightweight clothing – short-sleeved and sleeveless shirts, shorts, sandals, beach shoes and a bathing suit. It’s also a good idea to pack a sweater or jacket, since nights in the mountains and the desert can be cool.

If you are visiting Israel in the winter, you will need warm clothing, a coat (preferably a raincoat as well), good shoes, an umbrella, gloves, a scarf and other warm clothing. Weather in Israel is not cold as it is in Europe, but days can be rainy and cold.

It’s a good idea to bring a small bag for day trips. If you are traveling to Eilat or the Dead Sea, it’s a good idea to bring a bathing suit, since it is warm enough to swim there even in the winter.

Sunscreen, a sun hat, and sunglasses are essential items throughout the year.

If you are planning on hiking, you will need good shoes and a lot of water, either in a canteen or in several bottles. You will need a sleeping bag, tent, and camping equipment only if you are planning on sleeping outdoors. Most youth hostels supply sheets and blankets.

 Airport Security :

Passengers are required to go through a baggage inspection and personal questions during check-in. This is designed by the airlines for the safety of everyone, so please cooperate willingly and seriously.

You may be asked questions such as these:

Is this your personal luggage?

Did you personally pack it?

Did anyone open your luggage after you packed it?

Have you been given a package to carry for anyone?

Why are you traveling to Israel?

Do you know anyone in Israel?

This process takes time, so please be patient.

 Language:

Hebrew and Arabic are the official languages. English is also widely spoken.

Currency :

The currency is the new Israeli Shekel (NIS), but most places will except US dollars too. All Major credit cards are accepted.

 Health Regulations :

Visitors to Israel require no immunizations. Pets & Animals Import of animals accompanied by owners: Pet dogs, cats, birds, rabbits, and rodents which are not considered wildlife, up to two of each type, accompanied by their owners, are exempt from a Veterinary Import Permit provided that:

A Veterinary Health Certificate, issued by a government veterinary officer in the country of origin within 7 days prior to export is attached, stating that the animals were examined, found healthy, free from infectious and contagious diseases, and that a declaration has been received from the owner stating that the animals have been in his/her possession for at least the last 90 days. An international certificate of vaccination stating that the dogs or cats have been vaccinated against rabies, not more than a year and not less than a month prior to shipment to Israel. Dogs and cats younger than 3 months will not be admitted. Following details of every import of animals must be notifies to the Ramla Quarantine Station at least 48 hours prior to arrival to Israel, (fax number: 972-8-9229906): name of owner, animal species, age, flight number, and approximate time of arrival. Animals arriving in good health and properly certified will generally not be quarantined.

.Climate:

Israel is a country typical of brilliant sunshine, whose amount of sunlight and level of UV radiation are among the highest in the world. Israel is located in an area unique in its bi-seasonal nature: hot, dry summers and cold, rainy winters. Nevertheless, due to its placement between the Mediterranean Sea to the west and the desert to the east, the climate in Israel is varied and the visitor can choose between skiing on Mount Hermon and swimming in the Gulf of Eilat.

In the center and north of Israel, a Mediterranean climate prevails, where summer is primarily hot and winter rainy. In the south and the east, a desert climate exists, characterized by hot, dry weather and radical differences between day and night temperatures.

The Arava region, between the desert and the Mediterranean Sea, boasts a climate that is a cross between Mediterranean and desert. The rainy season stretches from the end of October to the beginning of May, but most rain falls between December and February. Winter rains account for a majority of Israel’s precipitation, although snow falls on Mount Hermon and other mountains as well. While more than 400 mm (16 inches) of rain falls annually on most parts of the Mediterranean region, less than 250 mm (10 inches) falls in the desert, while in the Arava, between 300-400 mm (12 and 16 inches) of rain falls every year.

The dry season goes from the beginning of May to the end of October, with the hottest months being July and August. From September to November and April until June, the weather is comfortable; almost no rain falls and visitors can both swim in the sea and travel comfortably in the desert.

When visiting Israel in the summer, visitors should come equipped with light clothing and a bathing suit; in winter, bring heavier clothing and an umbrella. Israel enjoys long, warm, dry summers (April-October) and generally mild winters (November-March) with somewhat drier, cooler weather in hilly regions, such as Jerusalem and Safed. Rainfall is relatively heavy in the north and center of the country, with much less in the northern Negev and almost negligible amounts in the southern areas. Regional conditions vary considerably, with humid summers and mild winters on the coast; dry summers and moderately cold winters in the hill regions; hot dry summers and pleasant winters in the Jordan Valley; and year-round semi-desert conditions in the Negev. Weather extremes range from occasional winter snowfall in the mountain regions to periodic oppressively hot dry winds that send temperatures soaring, particularly in spring and autumn.

One may bring an unlimited amount of local and foreign currency into Israel in cash, travelers’ checks, letters of credit or State of Israel Bonds. Foreign currency may be exchanged at any bank and at many hotels. Shops or service providers are not obliged to accept foreign currency and may give you change in sheqels even if payment is given in foreign currency.

Payment in foreign currency exempts tourists from Value Added Tax (V.A.T.) on certain purchases and services. Major credit cards (American Express, Diner’s Club, Visa and Mastercard/Access/Eurocard) are widely accepted throughout Israel. Holders of Visa or Mastercard/Access/Eurocard cards may withdraw funds at the foreign currency counters of affiliated banks or at certain automated teller machines (ATMs).

Tourists may open local currency accounts or special non-resident foreign resident currency accounts at any bank or use their international credit cards to withdraw cash in foreign or local currency at banks honoring the respective cards.

Sheqalim may be reconverted to foreign currency at airport banks up to a maximum of US$500 or the equivalent in other currencies. Any balance of sheqels exceeding this sum accrued during a single visit to Israel (up to a maximum of US$5,000) can be reconverted on presentation of bank receipts attesting to the original conversion of foreign currency.

 

 

 

 

                                                                            Italy

 

 

 

Italy dips down out of Europe and into the Mediterranean like a woman’s leg firmly planted in a sleek stiletto, so it’s hardly surprising that Italians are known for their impeccable style and fashionable dress sense. They’re also known for once having an empire that stretched across the globe, and for having the most spectacular churches, frescos, sculptures and Renaissance paintings in all of Europe.

The Italy of today is littered with the relics of more than 3,000 years of history, and an atmosphere that ranges from the Armani-wearing-scooter-driving-espresso-drinking buzz of its cities to the quiet, pastoral existence of its hillside olive farms and seaside fishing villages.

From the depths of the canals in Venice, which floats on a series of islands in an Adriatic lagoon, and the bleached sands of San Remo on the Riviera, to the rocky crags of the Alps , Dolomites and Apennines, Italy has everything from beach holidays to luxury mountain ski resorts.

Italy’s cities reveal awe-inspiring architecture from the curved arches of the Ponte Vecchio in Florence to the crumbling magnificence of the Colosseum in Rome. Home of da Vinci, Michelangelo, Carvaggio and Botticelli, its artworks are a visual delight to all visitors.

Nestled into the outskirts of Rome is the independent Vatican City, the seat of the Pope and home to the famous St Peter’s Basilica and the Sistine Chapel. The influence of the Holy Catholic Church on the people of Italy is still evident today in a series of holy festivals, carnivals, and parades involving young and old alike in almost every city, town and village

The Basics

Time: Local time is GMT +1 (GMT +2 between the last Sunday in March and the Saturday before the last Sunday in September).

Electricity:

Electrical current is 230 volts, 50Hz. A variety of plugs are in use including the European-style two-pin plug.

Language:

Italian. English is understood in the larger cities but not in the more remote parts of the country.

Travel Health:

There are no specific health risks associated with travel to Italy. EU citizens can make use of Italy’s health services provided they have a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). Cases of the deadly bird flu were found in swans in southern Italy and Sicily, but there is a low risk of human infection; as a precaution all close contact with wild, caged and domestic birds should be avoided, and poultry and egg dishes should be cooked thoroughly.

Tipping: Tipping is customary in Italy and 10-15% of the bill is acceptable in restaurants (unless, as is increasingly the case, a 15% service charge has already been added to the bill). Hotels add a service charge of 15-18%, but it is customary to tip the service staff extra. Italians rarely tip taxi drivers, but a 5-10% tip is always appreciated.

Safety Information: The Italian Government has warned that the risk of an international terrorist attack in the country has increased, and tourists should be vigilant in public places and tourist sites. Domestic terrorism continues, but targets are usually Italian authorities, however there is a possibility of being caught up in attacks. Tourists are vulnerable to pick-pocketing and muggings in the bigger cities, particularly on public transport, in crowded areas and around tourist sites, and should exercise caution when carrying large amounts of cash and valuables. Be particularly careful on bus 64 to St Peter’s Square and around the main train station, Termini. Visitors should be wary of groups of children, some of whom will distract attention while the others try to steal what they can. Strikes by transport workers take place regularly throughout Italy and delays are possible.

Local Customs: It is an offense to sit on steps and in courtyards near public buildings, including the main churches, in Florence; eating and drinking in the vicinity should also be avoided. Shorts, vests or any other immodest clothing should not be worn inside churches.

Business: Italians can be very formal and old fashioned, but are also warm and welcoming. Face to face communication is best, and often a third party introduction can speed initial negotiations. Business attire is formal and very stylish, and handshakes are the norm. First impressions count for a lot in Italy. Expect plenty of gesticulating and interruptions, or people talking over each other. Business cards are used. Unfortunately the bureaucracy in Italy can slow down deal-making. Business hours are usually 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday, but can vary according to season and region.

Communications: The international access code for Italy is +39. The outgoing code is 00 followed by the relevant country code (e.g. 0044 for the United Kingdom ). All numbers must be preceded by 0, whether originating in Italy or out, unless calling a mobile phone. City/area codes are in use, e.g. 02 for Milan and 06 for Rome. There can be high surcharges on calls made from hotels and it is generally cheaper to use a calling card. Public telephone boxes take phone cards for local and international calls, which can be bought from newsagents. The local mobile phone operators use GSM networks and have roaming agreements with most international operators. Internet cafes are available in the main towns and resorts.

Duty Free: Travelers over 17 years from non-EU countries do not have to pay duty on 200 cigarettes, or 100 cigarillos, or 50 cigars, or 250g tobacco; 1 litre spirits with alcohol content higher than 22%, or 2 liters dessert wine not exceeding 22% alcohol content and sparkling wine, and 2 liters of table wine; perfume up to 50g or 250ml eau de toilette, and other goods for personal consumption to the value of €175 per adult or €90 for children under 15 years. Prohibited items include narcotic drugs, medicinal products, arms and weapons, explosives and protected animal and plant species.

 

Climate:

The weather in Rome during summer is uncomfortably hot, temperatures often exceeding 95°F (35°C) at midday, and Romans tend to close up their businesses during August to take holidays in cooler spots. Mid-winter is mild, the average temperature in December hovering around 55°F (13°C). The best time to travel to Rome is in springtime, when skies are blue and the weather warm. Rain showers are possible any time of year.

Venice experiences very high humidity, with hot weather in July and August, the height of summer. Temperatures in summer usually range between 86°F to 91°F (30°C – 33°C), dropping in winter to between 32°F and 37°F (0°C – 3°C). Due to its location on the Adriatic coast, Venice often experiences thunderstorms and rain showers which, particularly in spring and autumn, tend to cause flooding. Known as the ‘acqua alta,’ it is best to pack waterproof shoes or boots, to avoid a soaking. April to October is usually the busiest time in Venice, though it is a popular destination year round. Christmas, Easter, Carnival (in February) and the Venice International Film Festival (in August) are also busy periods and winter is perhaps the best time to travel to Venice to avoid crowds and find better rates on accommodation.

The Mediterranean climate of southern Italy is milder and sunnier than the north, with dry summers and wet autumns and winters in Naples . The coast has mild winters and warm, dry summers. July is the hottest month in Naples with average temperatures ranging from 64°F to 85°F (18°C to 29°C), while January ranges from 38°F to 54°F (3°C to 12°C). The west coast of the Italian peninsula is generally wetter than the east coast and the southern ‘Sirocco’ wind brings high humidity with the rain.

The climate of Milan is Mediterranean, but like any large urban metropolis, buildings and human activity affect the local micro-climate. In the case of Milan this makes the weather rather more extreme. Summers can be very hot and humid, with temperatures rising above 86°F (30°C) during August. The mountains behind the city protect Milan somewhat from the severity of winter, but the weather is very chilly with temperatures occasionally dropping below freezing. Winter also brings rain showers and heavy fog.

Florence enjoys a humid, subtropical climate. Summers are hot and muggy with temperatures overriding those along the coast. Relief rainfall prevails in the winter with cool to cold temperatures and occasional snow.

Health

There are no specific health risks associated with travel to Italy. EU citizens can make use of Italy’s health services provided they have a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). Cases of the deadly bird flu were found in swans in southern Italy and Sicily, but there is a low risk of human infection; as a precaution all close contact with wild, caged and domestic birds should be avoided, and poultry and egg dishes should be cooked thoroughly.

Rome Leonardo da Vinci Airport (FCO)

Location: The airport is 19 miles (30km) southwest of central Rome.

Time: GMT +1 (GMT +2 between the last Sunday in March and the Saturday before the last Sunday in September).

Transfer between terminals: A free shuttle service connects the long-term car park and all three terminals.

Getting to the city: The fastest transportation is an express train departing every hour for Termini Station in the center of Rome or the Sabina-Fiumicino line (FM1) which leaves every 15 minutes; the trip to Termini takes 30 minutes and the fare is around €11 while the FM1 is €5.5 to various destination outside the city center. There is a late night bus service to Tiburtina Station which can be arranged from near the arrivals terminal. A taxi service costs about €50 for the 40 to 60 minute drive to the city center and passengers should use metered taxis only.

Car rental: Car hire companies include Avis, Budget, Europcar and Sixt.

Airport Taxis: Only use authorized taxis (white cars with meters). The journey to central Rome will take 40 to 60 minutes and the fare is approximately $80.00

Facilities: Facilities include lounges/travel clubs, left luggage, business services, disabled and First Aid facilities, banks, bureau of exchange, ATM’s, bars, duty-free shops, restaurants and tourist information.

Money:

The Euro (EUR) is the official currency, which is divided into 100 cents. Those arriving in Italy with foreign currency can obtain Euros through any bank, ATM or bureau of exchange. ATMs are widespread. Travelers checks can be exchanged with ease in the large cities, not so in the smaller towns. Credit cards are accepted in upmarket establishments and shops around the cities. Banks are closed on weekends, but tend to have better rates than casas de cambios.

Entry Requirements:

Entry requirements for Americans: United States citizens must have a passport, but a visa is not required for stays of up to 90 days. Other entry requirements can be obtained upon request.

Passport/Visa Note: The borderless region known as the Schengen area includes the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic , Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania , Luxembourg, Malta, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden. All these countries issue a standard Schengen visa that has a multiple entry option that allows the holder to travel freely within the borders of all. Travelers are advised to have a return or onward tickets, all documents required for their next destination and sufficient funds to cover the period of intended stay in Italy.

 

 

 

 

                                                              Malta Information

 

It has been said that the Maltese islands are the ‘open air museum of the Mediterranean’, offering 7,000 years or more of history to explore with numerous cultural, historical and megalithic sites unique in the world. The islands boast prehistoric ruins older than Stonehenge and the Pyramids of Egypt, and are steeped in the legacy of the medieval order of the Knights of St John, who used the island as their stronghold for defending Christendom.
The main island of Malta, covering just 95 square miles (246 sq km), is also a popular holiday destination because of its secluded bays and sandy beaches, washed by unpolluted clear blue waters. Set against the backdrop of the island’s scenery and its honey-colored stone buildings, Malta is alluring and fascinating.
Malta and its little sister island, Gozo, are not stuck in a time warp, however. The islanders enjoy life to the full, and the calendar is filled with summertime ‘festas’ with fireworks and revelry in every little parish in honor of the village patron saints, as well as the major carnival in early spring every year. The capital, Valletta, besides offering some awesome Baroque buildings and fortifications as its main sightseeing attractions, is bustling and bursting with restaurants and cafes. The island’s compact size is also a plus for visitors; it takes no more than an hour to drive between any two points on the main island, and there is very little open space. The dense population means that the island is virtually one large urban area, with buildings occupying every inch.
Malta lies about 60 miles (97km) south of Sicily and 160 miles (257km) north of Libya, a strategic position in the Mediterranean that has made the islands a crossroads of history. The last occupiers were the British, who granted Malta independence in 1964, but the biggest and most unique influence was left by the Knights of St John, to whom the island was donated in 1530; the Knights reigned supreme over the island for 270 years, building magnificent churches and monuments to themselves.
Malta has its mysteries too, in the form of 30 prehistoric sites boasting massive Neolithic temples, considered to be the oldest freestanding stone buildings known to man.
The Basics
Time: Local time is GMT +1 (GMT +2 between the last Sunday in March and the Saturday before the last Sunday in October).
Electricity: 240 volts, 50Hz. UK-style three-pin square plugs are used.
Language: English and Maltese are the official languages.
Travel Health: There are no health risks attached with travel to Malta, and water and food is safe for consumption. A reciprocal health agreement exists between the United Kingdom and Malta and as a result British citizens receive emergency medical treatment on the same terms as Maltese nationals on presentation of a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). Visitors should, however, take out adequate medical and travel insurance in case medical evacuation or further treatment is required. Travellers coming from a recognized infected area require a yellow fever vaccination certificate.
Tipping: A gratuity of 10% is expected in hotels, and 10% in restaurants, if service charge is not included in the bill. Most services are tipped about 5-10% (including taxi drivers).
Safety Information: Malta is considered very safe for tourists. Crime is rare, though theft from parked cars and handbag snatching can occur. Local driving conditions are poor so exercise caution.
Local Customs: The wearing of skimpy clothing away from the beaches should be avoided, and dress should be conservative to enter churches.
Business: Business in Malta tends to be conducted as elsewhere in Europe; formally and politely. Punctuality is important; dress should be formal with suit and tie the norm, unless weather is hot when one can forgo the jacket. Handshakes and the exchanging of business cards takes place on greeting. English is widely spoken and so a translator is unnecessary. Business hours can vary but are usually 8.30am to 4.30pm Monday to Friday. Some businesses open for a half-day on Saturdays.
Communications: The country code for Malta is +356, and the outgoing code is 00 followed by the relevant country code (e.g. 0044 for the United Kingdom).City/area codes are not required. Local and international telephone calls can be made from hotel rooms , and most hotels also offer fax and Internet access. Maltacom telecommunications offices also provide these services in the main towns, and coin and card operated telephone boxes can be found all over Malta and Gozo. The islands are covered by two comprehensive GSM 900 and 1800 mobile phone networks. Internet cafes are to be found in all the main towns and tourist resorts.
Duty Free: Travellers arriving in Malta from non-EU countries do not need to pay customs duty on 200 cigarettes, 50 cigars, 100 cigarillos or 250g of tobacco; 1 litre wine and 1 litre spirits, or other goods up to Lm75. Any large items or electrical equipment should be declared on entry (video cameras and televisions for example), and currency must also be declared. Prohibited items include firearms, pornography, meat, poultry and their by-products, plants and drugs.

                                                    Turkey Country Information

OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Turkey

CAPITAL Ankara

GOVERNMENT: The Republic of Turkey is a secular, democratic state in which rights and obligations are protected by law.

ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: 81 Provinces

HISTORY. Turkey is known as the “Cradle of Civilizations”. It was the home to 13 ancient cultures including: the Hittites Assyrians, Phyrigians, Urartians, Lycians, Lydians, Ionians, Persians, Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks and Ottomans. Following the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the modern Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal, known as Ataturk, the commander of the Turkish War of Independence. Ataturk is regarded as one of the world’s greatest statesmen.

LOCATION: Southeastern Europe Mediterranean Region.

AREA 780,580 sq km Total 301,383 sq Miles) 770,760 sq km Land (297,592 sq Miles) 9,820 sq km Water (3,791 sq Miles)

COASTLINE: 7200 KM (4,474 sq Miles)

POPULATION: 70,413,958 as of 2006

LANGUAGE: The Turkish Language belongs to the Ural Altaic language group. Turkish is written in the Latin alphabet and is spoken by at least 150 million people around the world.

RELIGION: 99% of the population is Muslim, 1% is other, mostly Christian and Jewish. Turkey is a secular country that respects the freedom of religion and worship.

CURRENCY: YTL (New Turkish Lira) The New Turkish Lira banknotes are 1 , 5, 10s 20, 50 and 100, 1 YTL equals to 100 yeni kurus. Yeni Kurus (YKr) coinage is availabie in 1, 5 10, 25 and 50. The exchange rates for foreign currencies are published daily. US dollars, traveler’s checks and major credit cards are wldely accepted and there are ATMS throughout the county.

VISA: Canadian and American citizens must present single or multiple entry visas when entering Turkey. Visas can be obtained from the Turkish Embassy In Ottawa, Canada and Washington DC, as well as through the Consulate General Offices in the US. For more information please visit www.turkey.org

TAX REFUNDS: You can receive a tax refund for the goods you have purchased In Turkey. For further information please visit www.globalrefund.com

CUSTOM REGULATIONS UPON EXIT: For gifts, souvenirs and carpets a proof of purchase is all that is needed, items of cultural value may be exported only on the basis of a certificate confirming that the item in question is not a cultural asset or a part of a set proclaimed a cultural asset. Minerals may only be exported from the country with a special document obtained from MTA (General Directorate of Mining, Exploration and Researchers)

WATER, Tap water is palatable but bottled water is advisable as tap water is highly chlorinated, taste can seem a little unnatural.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. The metric system is used in Turkey. Clothing and shoe sizes are European.

WORKING HOURS Government offices: Monday-Friday (8.3O am – 12.30pm), (1.30pm – 5.30pm) Saturday-Sunday (Closed) Banks. Monday- Friday (8.30am -12.00 noon), (1 .00pm – 5.00pm) Saturday- Sunday (Closed) Post Offices (PTT) Monday- Friday (8.30am- 5.70pm) Shops. Saturday (9.30am – 7.00pm) Sunday (Closed) In touristic areas, shops are open until midnight including Sunday

OFFICAL HOLIDAYS January 1. New Year’s Day April 23: National Independence and Children Day May 19: Ataturk Commemoration, Youth and Sports Day August 30: Victory Day October 29 Republic Day

 

IMPORTANT TELEPHONE NUMBERS Police and Traffic police: 155 Gendarme: 156 Fire Department: 110 Directory Assistance: 11811 PTT (Post Office) Information: 161

TRANSPORTATION

TRAFFIC, ROAD SIGNS, GAS STATIONS Foreigners driving in Turkey must carry a valid driver’s license, passport, and International Green Card, Insurance or Turkish third party insurance. Traffic moves on the right side of the road. The Turkish Highway Code is similar to those of European countries. Turkish road signs conform to the international protocol on road signs. Gas stations are well placed, many of them also have restaurants that are open 24 hours.

AIR: Most of the major airlines have frequent flights to Turkey. Turkish Airlines offers daily non-stop flights from New York to Istanbul and non-stop flights from Chicago to Istanbul 3 times a week. Turkish Airlines also provides connecting flights from all states in conjunction with an American Airlines Code Share Agreement. Delta Airlines also provides non-stop flights from New York to Istanbul.

SEA: Istanbul and Kusadasi are two of the most popular ports for the major cruise lines in the Mediterranean. The other major ports are Izmir, Cesme, Bodrum, Marmaris Kas, Antalya, Alanya and Trabzon.

RAIL: Istanbul serves as a direct rail link to select European cities. The Istanbul Express departs daily from Munich, Vienna and Athens with connecting services in Belgrade and Sofia.

GROUND TRANSPORTATION Coach Lines: Several coach lines are available in Turkey and regularly serve European destinations such as Austria, France, Germany, Holland, Switzerland, England and Greece. There are also frequent bus services within every city in Turkey. Transportation in Turkey is affordable with clean and comfortable coaches.

FERRY SERVICES

Ayvalik – Lesbos

Cesme – Chios

Kusadasi – Samos

Bodrum – Kos

Marmaris – Rhodes

Datca – Symi

CAR RENTAL: Most of the major international car companies have representatives in Turkey along with the local companies.

ACCOMMODATION: An exceptionally rich heritage, beginning with the first known human settlements along with an extraordinarily diverse topography and a tradition of genuinely warm hospitality distinguish Turkey from the world’s other great destinations. It is a country of fascinating contrasts, where antiquity is juxtaposed with the contemporary. Hotels reflect those contrasts by blending historic buildings with modernist, and minimalist motifs with contemporary style and natural elements. Turkey offers various types of accommodation options for the world’s most sophisticated travelers from cave dwellings in Cappadocia to charming historic small hotels in Istanbul and Ankara. Recognized as one of the most desirable locations for international vacationers. Turkey has long been an alluring playground for those seeking anything from a daring adventure to a serene retreat with its spectacular properties, consistently ranking high in both the international and European polls of well known travel magazines. A number of hotels throughout the country are licensed by tile Ministry of Culture and Tourism and are categorized from one to five stars, with increasing standard requirements at each level. A special future includes a category consisting of typically traditional houses mansions summer palaces or historic landmarks transformed into small charming local hotels, which make for a unique stay.